Jamal's motivation to devote time to music and self-expression is best accounted for by

• A. Humanistic theories
• B. Biological theories
• C. Psychoanalytic theory
• D. Behaviorist theory

Answer: (A)

Motivation driven by inner growth and self-expression points to humanistic theories, which emphasize intrinsic motivation, personal meaning, and the pursuit of self-actualization. Jamal devotes time to music and self-expression not mainly for external rewards, but to realize his potential and align his actions with his values. From a humanistic perspective, creative activity serves as a pathway to growth, authenticity, and a coherent sense of self, all core parts of self-actualization.

Biological explanations would focus on brain chemistry or genetic predispositions, which don’t capture the personal meaning and voluntary nature of Jamal’s pursuit. Psychoanalytic theory would frame motivation in terms of unconscious conflicts or drives, not the conscious, self-directed pursuit of creativity. Behaviorist theory would explain motivation as governed by external rewards or punishments, missing the intrinsic satisfaction and self-determined aspect of musical expression.