Which theory emphasizes self-actualization as a core concept?

• A. Humanistic theory
• B. Behaviorist theory
• C. Psychoanalytic theory
• D. Cognitive theory

Answer: (A)

Self-actualization is a hallmark of humanistic psychology. This theory centers on people's inherent drive to realize their potential, grow, and become authentic versions of themselves. In practice, humanistic theorists like Maslow, who proposed a hierarchy culminating in self-actualization, and Rogers, with a focus on congruence and unconditional positive regard, emphasize personal growth and meaning as primary concerns. This sets it apart from other major theories: behaviorism focuses on observable actions and reinforcement without addressing inner growth; psychoanalytic theory emphasizes unconscious forces and early experiences rather than the pursuit of realized potential; cognitive theory concentrates on how we think, remember, and solve problems, not on the motivational pull toward self-actualization. Therefore, the theory that emphasizes self-actualization is humanistic theory.